Shona gold-and-cattle kingdom famed for the great stone enclosures of its capital.
Great Zimbabwe was abandoned around 1420–1450 CE as trade routes shifted and Nyatsimba Mutota led part of the population north to found the Mutapa Empire.
Archaeological history of Great Zimbabwe and the stone-building Shona states.
Shillington's survey covers Great Zimbabwe and the Shona states of the Zambezi plateau within the wider African past.