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Xhosa people (amaXhosa)

600 – 1840
CultureAfrica

Nguni-speaking chiefdoms (Rharhabe, Gcaleka, and related houses) of the southeastern Cape frontier; never unified into a single kingdom, but a major political-cultural bloc whose Cape Frontier Wars with the Dutch/British began in 1779, squarely in this era.

Not an ending: the Xhosa remain one of South Africa’s largest nations. The map hands off to the Cape Colony’s eastward expansion and, from 1961, South Africa.

Borders in 600 · drawn from 1 sourced border frame
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Further reading

Sources