Nguni-speaking chiefdoms (Rharhabe, Gcaleka, and related houses) of the southeastern Cape frontier; never unified into a single kingdom, but a major political-cultural bloc whose Cape Frontier Wars with the Dutch/British began in 1779, squarely in this era.
Not an ending: the Xhosa remain one of South Africa’s largest nations. The map hands off to the Cape Colony’s eastward expansion and, from 1961, South Africa.
The atlas holds 5 border frames for Xhosa people (amaXhosa) — the shape you scrub through changes in 600 · 1400 · 1775 · 1812 · 1819.
The definitive scholarly history of the pre-colonial Xhosa chiefdoms through the Cape Frontier Wars era