The Akwẽ-Xavante, Central Jê warriors of the eastern Mato Grosso cerrado, who deliberately broke contact and crossed the Araguaia westward into the wilderness to keep their independence for a century.
After fierce raids and a self-chosen isolation, the Xavante were drawn into Vargas's 'March to the West' from 1946; contact brought massacres and epidemics, but more than 20,000 now hold demarcated lands including Sangradouro, São Marcos, Pimentel Barbosa and the reclaimed Marãiwatsédé.
The atlas holds 4 border frames for Xavante (Akwẽ) — the shape you scrub through changes in 800 · 1784 · 1811 · 1946.
Garfield's award-winning Duke history of the Xavante and Brazilian state policy on the Mato Grosso frontier, 1937-1988.
An accessible survey of the pre- and post-contact Americas that conveys the pre-conquest complexity and colonial devastation of Amazonian and Brazilian indigenous peoples.