A north-coast Peruvian culture, alternately called Gallinazo, that marks the start of the Early Intermediate Period. Centered on the Gallinazo Group site in the Virú Valley, it built a four-tiered administrative system, extended irrigation and cultivation, and expanded into the neighboring Moche and Santa valleys.
Persisted alongside the rising Moche state in the same valleys (Huaca Santa Clara shows Gallinazo communities under later Moche influence); the Wikipedia infobox lists the Wari culture as its eventual successor as the North Coast passed into the Middle Horizon sphere by the 7th century AD.
The foundational settlement-pattern survey that defined the Virú Valley cultural sequence and gave the culture its name.
Virú/Gallinazo within a broad survey of ancient South American archaeology.