A million Tupi-speaking villagers held nearly the whole Brazilian seaboard, greeting Cabral's caravels in 1500 before slaving raids and smallpox shattered them.
Decimated by epidemics, enslavement and the Tamoio wars by the 1570s; survivors absorbed into colonial society, though Tupinambá communities at Olivença (Bahia) and the lower Tapajós endure and were re-recognized in the 2000s.
The atlas holds 4 border frames for Tupinambá & Tupi Coastal Peoples — the shape you scrub through changes in 1000 · 1500 · 1549 · 1568.
Hemming's definitive history of the destruction of the coastal Tupi peoples of Brazil, including the Tupinambá and the Tamoio wars.
A concise national history covering the Tupi coast Cabral met in 1500 (broad context).