The Russian state proclaimed when Ivan IV (the Terrible) took the title of Tsar in 1547, which expanded dramatically across Siberia and ended when Peter the Great proclaimed the Russian Empire in 1721.
Transformed into the Russian Empire when Peter the Great assumed the title of Emperor on 2 November 1721, following his victory in the Great Northern War.
Comprehensive coverage of the Tsardom period from Ivan IV through Peter I.
Essential background on how Moscow's relationship with the Horde shaped the emerging Tsardom's political culture.
Pushkin’s drama of the Time of Troubles, 1598–1605.