A monumental city-state on the south shore of Lake Titicaca whose raised-field farming and stone gateways anchored a far-reaching Andean influence.
Collapsed around 1000 AD amid prolonged drought; its ruins remained a sacred ancestral place to the later Aymara and Inca.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Tiwanaku — the shape you scrub through changes in 300 · 600.
A focused study of the Tiwanaku city-state and its raised-field agriculture on Lake Titicaca.
Tiwanaku within a survey of ancient South America (broad context).
Cambridge UP synthesis of Tiwanaku state formation, economy, and collapse — more recent and accessible than Kolata 1993. Complements the existing reading well.
As a Bookshop.org affiliate, this site earns a commission on qualifying purchases.