Stone-walled Iron Age kingdom in the Kruger region, successor to the Mapungubwe tradition.
Thulamela was abandoned in the 17th century, following the collapse of the Kingdom of Butua (its main trading partner), which severed regional networks and left the stone-walled settlement isolated.
The atlas holds 3 border frames for Thulamela — the shape you scrub through changes in 1240 · 1301 · 1511.
Covers the stone-walled successor states of the Zimbabwe/Mapungubwe tradition to which Thulamela belongs (regional context).
Shillington's survey covers Great Zimbabwe and the Shona states of the Zambezi plateau within the wider African past.