Spice-trade sultanate of the Maluku (Moluccas) islands and Ternate's chief historical rival, controlling territories stretching from eastern Sulawesi to western Papua; initially allied with Portugal/Spain against Ternate, then fell under growing VOC domination after 1605.
Colonial penetration deepened through the 1800s; the sultan's title formally lapsed in 1905 under Dutch pressure (briefly restored 1947-1967, and revived again since as a cultural/ceremonial institution).
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Sultanate of Tidore — the shape you scrub through changes in 1450 · 1800.
Polity-specific: Andaya's standard scholarly history of the Maluku spice sultanates (Ternate and Tidore together) in the early-modern period, verified on Open Library.