Vast Fulani jihad state of Usman dan Fodio, the largest pre-colonial empire in 19th-century Africa.
The Sokoto Caliphate was conquered by British forces under Frederick Lugard in March 1903 when Kano fell on 3 February and Sokoto on 15 March; the Sultan was deposed and replaced by a British-approved ruler, though the Sultanate of Sokoto continues today as the most senior Islamic traditional institution in Nigeria.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Sokoto Caliphate — the shape you scrub through changes in 1804 · 1890.
How Usman dan Fodio and his successors founded and legitimized the Sokoto state, told through the leaders' own Arabic writings.
The military organization of the largest 19th-century African empire.