Rulers of Shirvan on the western shore of the Caspian, one of the longest-lived Islamic dynasties, beginning with the Arab Yazidid line (later Persianized as the Kasranids/Khaqanids) from 861; through the 11th century they paid tribute to the Great Seljuk Empire while retaining local autonomy from their capital at Shamakhi.
Continued under a later Darbandi line from 1382 and survived Timurid-era upheavals, until finally annexed by Safavid Persia in 1538.
Includes Minorsky's foundational scholarly studies of Shirvan and Darband in the medieval period, verified on Open Library.