A Neo-Hittite/Syro-Hittite city-state in the Anti-Taurus mountains, noted for its distinctive orthostatic sculpture and royal inscriptions until absorbed by Assyria under Sargon II in 717 BCE.
Absorbed into the Neo-Assyrian Empire as a directly administered province by the late 8th century BCE, following the political domination established by Tiglath-Pileser III (744–727 BCE) and completed under Sargon II (721–705 BCE); the city was largely abandoned by the late 7th century BCE as the Assyrian Empire collapsed.
The atlas holds 3 border frames for Sam'al (Zincirli) — the shape you scrub through changes in 900 BC · 860 BC · 737 BC.
Covers Sam'al's royal dynasties and the Aramean–Luwian cultural mix of the Neo-Hittite states.
The standard political and military history of the Iron Age Syro-Hittite states, situating Carchemish, Sam'al, Tabal, and Pattin.