A separatist republic proclaimed on 11 September 1836 by Rio Grande do Sul's ranching elite during the Ragamuffin War (Guerra dos Farrapos), rejecting Imperial Brazilian rule amid tariff and trade grievances over the province's jerked-beef economy.
Defeated by Imperial Brazilian forces after a nine-year war; dissolved by the Treaty of Ponche Verde on 1 March 1845, which reincorporated the province into the Empire of Brazil under an amnesty.
English-language narrative history of the Ragamuffin War and the Riograndense Republic, centered on Giuseppe Garibaldi's role in its cavalry and naval campaigns.