The first Islamic state, led by the four 'Rightly Guided' caliphs who succeeded Muhammad; launched the great Arab conquests that swept Persia, the Levant, Egypt, and North Africa within three decades.
Ended in 661 CE when Caliph Ali was assassinated and his son Hasan concluded a peace treaty with Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, who founded the Umayyad Caliphate as the successor dynastic state.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Rashidun Caliphate — the shape you scrub through changes in 632 · 650.
Standard English-language survey covering the Rashidun period, the conquests, and the transition to Umayyad rule.
Dedicated narrative of the early Arab conquests of Persia, the Levant, Egypt, and North Africa — exactly the expansion launched under the Rashidun caliphs.