An Alpine church-state on the Salzach that prised itself free of Bavaria, grew rich on salt and gold, expelled its Protestants in 1731 — and employed Mozart.
Secularized in 1803 as the Electorate of Salzburg for the dispossessed Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany; annexed by Austria in 1805, Bavaria in 1809, and definitively by Austria in 1816.
Polity-specific: the 1731–32 expulsion of Salzburg's Protestants and what it reveals about the church-state's governance.
Salzburg's standing as Primas Germaniae without an electoral vote, and the 1803 settlement.