El Morro's fortress island, guarding the gate of the Indies.
Remained Spanish until 1898; repelled Drake (1595), the Dutch (1625) and Abercromby's British (1797).
An early narrative history of Spanish Puerto Rico, the fortress island guarding the gate of the Indies.
Broad Caribbean context for Spanish Puerto Rico (not PR-specific).
A foundational Puerto Rican naturalist novel set among coffee-hacienda peasants in the closing years of Spanish colonial rule.