A Late Woodland Native American culture of east-central Arkansas (650-1050 CE), defined by archaeologists from the Plum Bayou Mounds site (formerly called Toltec Mounds, though unrelated to the Mexican Toltec) and named for a local waterway.
Declined after c. 1050 CE; the Plum Bayou Mounds ceremonial center was abandoned, with population dispersing into successor Late Woodland groups in the central Arkansas River lowlands ahead of the later Mississippian period.
The type-site excavation report defining Plum Bayou culture, by the archaeologist who named it.