The archaeological tradition of semi-sedentary earthlodge and grass-house farming villages across the Great Plains, hunting bison from temporary camps, that directly precedes and overlaps the historically documented Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikara, Pawnee, and Wichita nations already in this atlas.
Continued in modified form into the historic Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikara, Pawnee, Wichita, and related village-farming nations as European trade goods, the horse, and later epidemics and displacement reshaped Plains life from the 18th century onward.
The standard modern synthesis of Plains Village period archaeology across the central and northern Plains.