A confederation of Turkic nomadic tribes that dominated the Pontic-Caspian steppe from the mid-9th century, displacing the Magyars westward and repeatedly warring with, and allying against, Kievan Rus', the Bulgarians, and Byzantium.
Broken as an independent steppe power by the rising Cuman-Kipchaks and a decisive 1091 defeat at the Battle of Levounion (a joint Byzantine-Cuman victory); remnants were absorbed or resettled within Hungary and the Byzantine Empire.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Pechenegs — the shape you scrub through changes in 860 · 950.
Recent dedicated study of the Pechenegs' relations with Byzantium, the best-documented dimension of their history.