A loose confederation of warrior chiefdoms in the lower Magdalena-river highlands of Cundinamarca and Tolima, longtime rivals of the neighboring Muisca, described in the Spanish chronicles as skilled with poisoned arrows and known for petroglyphs at Tibacuy and cranial deformation.
Resisted the Spanish under leaders opposing the 1543-44 expedition of Hernán Venegas Carrillo (after earlier incursions by Juan de Céspedes and Alonso de San Martín); rapidly diminished after conquest and absorption into the New Kingdom of Granada.
A dedicated Panche-specific history
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