Autonomous kingdom of the Viceroyalty of New Spain covering Jalisco, Zacatecas, Nayarit, Aguascalientes and Colima, carved out by Nuño de Guzmán's violent 1531 conquest and its own Audiencia at Guadalajara from 1548.
Survived the Mixtón War (1540-41) and the long Chichimeca War; reorganized as the Intendancy of Guadalajara under the Bourbon reforms, then dissolved into the State of Jalisco after Mexican independence (1824).
Polity-specific monograph on the Spanish conquest and the Mixtón War that founded Nueva Galicia; cited directly in the Wikipedia article's further reading.