Nguni kingdom under Zwide, the Zulu's great rival in the Mfecane upheavals.
The Ndwandwe Kingdom was decisively defeated by Shaka's Zulu forces at the Battle of Mhlatuze River in 1820; King Zwide fled north and died c. 1825, and the Ndwandwe were scattered, with splinter groups migrating north to found Nguni (Ngoni) kingdoms in Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania; the Gaza Empire was founded by the Ndwandwe general Soshangane rather than by Zwide himself.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Ndwandwe Kingdom — the shape you scrub through changes in 1780 · 1815.
The Ndwandwe of Zwide and the Mfecane upheavals reconsidered.
Eldredge's Cambridge study of how Shaka's Zulu kingdom rose over the Mthethwa and Ndwandwe, the formative era behind the Anglo-Zulu conflict Morris narrates.