Siouan-speaking confederacy of the Virginia/Carolina Piedmont — Monacan, Saponi, Tutelo, and Occaneechi towns — first recorded by Jamestown settlers as the inland rivals of the coastal Powhatan paramountcy.
Scattered by war, disease, and Bacon's Rebellion-era violence (Occaneechi Island trading post destroyed 1676); Saponi and Tutelo remnants migrated north and were formally adopted into the Haudenosaunee Confederacy (Cayuga, 1753). The Monacan reorganized in Amherst County, Virginia, and won U.S. federal recognition in January 2018 (Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act).
The atlas holds 4 border frames for Monacan Confederacy (Piedmont Siouans) — the shape you scrub through changes in 1607 · 1646 · 1677 · 1700.
Academic archaeological/ethnohistorical study of the Monacan confederacy from precontact through the present-day federally recognized nation (University Press of Virginia).