Central Christian Nubian kingdom centered on Old Dongola that long resisted Islamic expansion.
The Kingdom of Makuria declined through the 13th–14th centuries under pressure from Arab migrations and repeated Mamluk Egyptian invasions; it effectively collapsed c. 1317 CE when a Muslim prince was installed as king (breaking the Christian royal line), and the kingdom disintegrated entirely by c. 1365 CE.
The atlas holds 7 border frames for Makuria — the shape you scrub through changes in 500 · 550 · 650 · 750 · 850 · 950 · 1140.
Covers post-Meroitic and medieval Nubia (Nobatia, Makuria, Alwa) and the Eastern Desert Blemmyes and Beja.
Nubia within the continental narrative (broad, not Makuria-specific).