An ancient land referenced in Sumerian texts as the primary source of copper and diorite for Mesopotamia, centered on the Hajar Mountains of modern Oman and the UAE.
Faded as a distinct political entity by c. 550 BCE as trade patterns shifted and the name disappeared from Mesopotamian records; the region (modern Oman/UAE) was absorbed into the Achaemenid Empire without a documented conquest event.
Core reference for Magan's role in Gulf Bronze Age trade and its Mesopotamian attestations.
Single-volume survey of the Arabian peninsula from the Bronze Age, the regional and chronological frame for Magan's copper trade with Mesopotamia.