Rival northern Vietnamese dynasty founded when Mạc Đăng Dung usurped the Later Lê throne in 1527; ruled a unified Đại Việt until 1540 and then only the north from 1540, contesting the Lê–Trịnh restoration in a decades-long civil war before being driven into the mountainous refuge of Cao Bằng province.
Lost the capital Đông Kinh for the last time in 1592 to the Later Lê/Trịnh forces; the dynasty's remnants survived as a Ming/Qing-backed rump state in Cao Bằng province until 1677, when the last Mạc claimant was defeated.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Mạc dynasty — the shape you scrub through changes in 1527 · 1644.
Verified fallback (same title already cited on the existing dai_viet canonical record): Reid's regional survey covers the 16th-century Vietnamese civil wars, including the Lê–Mạc succession conflict, in their Southeast Asian context. No dedicated English-language Mạc-dynasty monograph turned up on Open Library — search results were dominated by untranslated Vietnamese-language titles (e.g. 'Nhà Mạc và họ Mạc').