A Chalcolithic culture of Lower Egypt centered on the settlement of Maadi near modern Cairo and the delta site of Buto, distinct from and initially less complex than the contemporary Naqada culture of Upper Egypt.
Progressively conquered and absorbed by the expanding Naqada culture during Naqada IIC-D, fully displaced from Lower Egypt by Naqada III (Protodynastic) control c. 3200 BC.
Classic synthesis of Egyptian predynastic archaeology, covering the Lower Egyptian (Maadi-Buto) cultural sequence alongside Naqada.
Standard modern textbook treatment of predynastic Egypt including Maadi-Buto vs. Naqada regional cultures.