An autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order formed in 1237 from the remnants of the defeated Livonian Brothers of the Sword, ruling Estonia and Latvia (Terra Mariana) as a separate crusader theocracy alongside — but locally independent of — the main Teutonic State in Prussia.
Collapsed after defeat by Muscovite Russia in the Livonian War; the last Landmeister, Gotthard Kettler, secularized the order in 1561/62 to found the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, with the rest of its territory divided among Lithuania, Denmark, and Sweden.
The atlas holds 3 border frames for Livonian Order — the shape you scrub through changes in 1237 · 1398 · 1536.
The standard English-language history of the Baltic crusade that produced and sustained the Livonian Order's state.