A Catholic Malay-Lamaholot kingdom at the eastern tip of Flores, whose rajas converted under Portuguese (Dominican) influence and long regarded themselves as independent monarchs with a tributary tie to the Portuguese Crown, allied to the mixed-race Topasses (Larantuqueiros). Its lands spread across East Flores, Solor, Adonara and Lembata, interspersed with small Muslim states. Portugal ceded its claims to the Dutch in 1859, and the Dutch abolished the kingdom in the early 20th century.
Portuguese suzerainty ceded to the Dutch in 1859; the kingdom was subordinated and then abolished by the Dutch (c.1904), though its raja line and Catholic identity persisted.
Scholarly (International Institute for Asian Studies) account of the Larantuka kingdom's Catholic identity and Dutch takeover.
Indonesian scholarly study of Larantuka's local politics under Dutch colonial policy.