Himalayan kingdom east of Garhwal, ruled by the Chand dynasty from Champawat and, after 1563, from Almora; it fought Garhwal for generations, sent tribute to the Mughals from Rudra Chand's reign, and collapsed in factional civil war on the eve of the Gorkha invasion.
Invaded by a Gorkha army from Doti in 1790 and annexed to Nepal; the British took Kumaon in 1815 and made it a non-regulation province rather than restoring the Chands.
The atlas holds 6 border frames for Kumaon Kingdom (Chand dynasty) — the shape you scrub through changes in 1000 · 1354 · 1446 · 1496 · 1515 · 1757.
The foundational narrative history of the Chand rajas, their chronology problems, the civil wars and the 1790 Gorkha conquest.
Modern regional scholarship reassessing Katyuri and Chand political history against inscriptions rather than dynastic lists.