Successor to Gelgel, the kingdom of Klungkung was founded in 1686 when the Dewa Agung line established a new court (Puri Semarapura) north of the ruined Gelgel. Its ruler was first in rank among the nine Balinese kingdoms, holding a sacral paramountcy though little direct power over the others. It was the last Balinese kingdom to fall, destroyed in the Dutch puputan (mass ritual suicide-in-battle) of 1908.
Destroyed by the Dutch in the puputan of 1908, the final act of the conquest of Bali.
The definitive study of Klungkung, the Dewa Agung and the 1908 puputan.