Sine maintained Serer religious and political institutions distinct from its Wolof neighbors, resisting both Muslim jihad pressure and full French absorption longer than most regional peers; it survived as a ceremonial monarchy under French and then independent Senegalese rule until 1969.
The monarchy was formally abolished in 1969 (long after French colonization); a ceremonial restoration occurred in 2019.
The atlas holds 4 border frames for Kingdom of Sine — the shape you scrub through changes in 1335 · 1549 · 1776 · 1862.
The standard scholarly history of the Senegambian region and its Wolof and Serer kingdoms (Cayor, Baol, Waalo, Sine, Saloum), in print from Cambridge University Press.