Created in December 1806 as Napoleon elevated the Electorate of Saxony to a kingdom; Saxony had backed Napoleon and paid dearly at the 1815 Congress of Vienna, losing about 60% of its territory. Joined the German Confederation in 1815, became a constituent kingdom of the German Empire in 1871, and persisted as a monarchy until the November 1918 revolution.
Monarchy abolished 11-13 November 1918 in the German Revolution; King Frederick Augustus III abdicated; became the Free State of Saxony.