Pre-imperial Inca city-state and small Andean kingdom that preceded Tawantinsuyu; distinct from the empire Pachacuti built in 1438.
The Kingdom of Cusco was transformed into the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) in 1438 CE when the ninth Sapa Inca Pachacuti Yupanqui reorganised the polity and launched the imperial expansion that within three generations encompassed most of western South America.
First general archaeological overview of the Cuzco region from prehistory through Inca state formation, directly covering the pre-imperial Kingdom of Cusco period.
Interdisciplinary study of how the early Inca polity grew powerful enough to launch imperial expansion; covers the pre-Tawantinsuyu Kingdom of Cusco era.
Primary colonial chronicle of Inca dynastic history from the founding rulers of Cusco forward; foundational source for the pre-imperial kingdom.