A confederation of small city-states (Geumgwan Gaya, Daegaya, and others) in the Nakdong River basin of southern Korea, evolved from the earlier Byeonhan confederacy and never unified into a single centralized kingdom, standing alongside Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo through the 3rd century.
Absorbed piecemeal by the neighboring kingdom of Silla: Geumgwan Gaya fell in 532 CE, and the last holdout, Daegaya, submitted in 562 CE after backing Baekje in a war against Silla.
The atlas holds 5 border frames for Kaya confederacy — the shape you scrub through changes in 42 · 150 · 250 · 350 · 450.
Standard English-language survey of Korean history; covers the Three Kingdoms period and the Gaya/Kaya confederacy's place alongside Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo.