Dugout-canoe fishers and longbow warriors of the Texas barrier islands.
Still autonomous on the coast in 1800 despite epidemics and missions; declined sharply only after the 1820s.
The atlas holds 3 border frames for Karankawa — the shape you scrub through changes in 1300 · 1528 · 1801.
An archaeological history of the Karankawa coastal fishers of the Texas barrier islands.
Context for the colonial pressures on the Texas coastal peoples (broad context).
Primary source of extraordinary importance: Cabeza de Vaca spent years among the Karankawa (1528-1534) and his Relación is the only firsthand European account of Karankawa life before contact-era disruption.
Era sweeper covering indigenous enslavement across the Caribbean and New Spain, directly contextualizing the destruction of Cuba's Taíno.