Autonomous dynasty of Ottoman Tripolitania, antagonist of the US in the Barbary Wars.
The Karamanli Dynasty ended on 6 September 1835 when Ottoman forces under Grand Vizier Halil Pasha, dispatched by Sultan Mahmud II, deposed and exiled the last ruler Ali II (who had come to power after his father Yusuf abdicated in 1832 amid civil war), restoring direct Ottoman administration over Tripolitania.
The Karamanli regency of Tripoli and its conflict with the early United States.
North Africa's Ottoman periphery in the modern era (broad context).