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Kalhora Dynasty (Sindh)

Sindhi Muslim dynasty that ruled Sindh in the lower Indus valley, nominally under Mughal then Afghan (Durrani) suzerainty; founders of the city of Hyderabad (Sindh) in 1768.

Overthrown by their Baloch Talpur amirs at the Battle of Halani in 1783.

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Further reading

• The Gazetteer of West Pakistan (former Province of Sind) H. T. Sorley · 1968

  Authoritative geographical-historical account of Sind including the Kalhora period; verified via Open Library.

• Fall of the Mughal Empire Jadunath Sarkar · 1932

  Covers Nadir Shah's invasion and Sindh under the late Mughal-Kalhora period; verified via Open Library.

Sources

• Kalhora dynasty — Wikipedia (lead section, fetched via MediaWiki API 2026-07-23; Sindhi Muslim dynasty, 1701-1783, Khudabad then Hyderabad 1768)
• Wikidata Q6352367 — inception 1701, dissolved 1782
• 'the Kalhora fully took control of Sindh, ruling from Multan to Thatta' (History of Sindh, Wikipedia)
• 'The Talpurs ... revolted against their erstwhile masters and defeated them at the Battle of Halani in 1783' (DAWN, 'Sindh's Rulers: Kalhoras, Talpurs, and British Conquest') [non-Wikipedia newspaper history]