Southern Jê hunters and pine-nut gatherers of the araucaria highlands, who built sunken pit-houses and held the plateaus of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul against Guaraní, bandeirante and settler alike.
Their pine forests cut for farms and railroads, the Kaingang were defeated chief by chief and confined to imperial settlements after the 1850s; today ~50,000 endure on dozens of indigenous lands across four southern states — long ranked among the three largest peoples in Brazil.
The atlas holds 3 border frames for Kaingang — the shape you scrub through changes in 380 BC · 1728 · 1851.
An accessible survey of the pre- and post-contact Americas that conveys the pre-conquest complexity and colonial devastation of Amazonian and Brazilian indigenous peoples.
Shelton Davis's classic Cambridge study of twentieth-century Brazilian development policy and its devastating impact on Indigenous peoples such as the Krenak, Kaingang, and Karaja.