Confederation of Jurchen tribes organized under Ming tributary 'guard' (wei) administration in southeastern Manchuria, the direct ancestral polity of the Qing-founding Aisin Gioro clan.
Unified by Nurhaci, who in 1616 proclaimed the Later Jin (Hou Jin) state, the direct precursor of the Qing dynasty — ending the Jianzhou Jurchens' existence as a Ming tributary confederation rather than a sovereign state.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Jianzhou Jurchens — the shape you scrub through changes in 1388 · 1515.
Standard history of Manchu ethnogenesis tracing the Jianzhou Jurchens' rise into the Qing state.