A sultanate on the Batang Hari river of east-central Sumatra, Jambi established itself around 1615 and grew rich on the 17th-century pepper trade, contending with neighbouring Palembang and drawing in the Dutch and English East India companies. Persistent upstream-downstream tension and Dutch pressure ended in abolition in 1904.
Abolished by the Dutch in 1904 after the death of Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin in a final anti-colonial resistance.
The definitive scholarly study of Jambi (and Palembang), its pepper economy and upstream-downstream politics (verified Google Books; U. Hawaii Press).