France's Atlantic bastion after 1713, anchored by the immense fortress of Louisbourg guarding the gulf and the cod fishery.
Twice besieged and captured by Anglo-American forces (1745, returned 1748; 1758, final fall); its fortress was demolished and the colony ceded to Britain at the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
The atlas holds 3 border frames for Île Royale — the shape you scrub through changes in 1713 · 1745 · 1758.
An accessible illustrated history of France's North American strongholds, Louisbourg foremost among them, covering the fortifications that anchored Île Royale and French Newfoundland.
Covers Île Royale and the wider Acadian/Atlantic French world (broad regional context).