Muslim sultanate of the south-central Ethiopian highlands, tributary to and rival of Ethiopia.
Progressively subordinated to the Ethiopian Empire from the mid-15th century under Emperor Zara Yaqob (r. 1434–1468), who deposed the Garad and installed a compliant ruler; the sultanate was fragmented by the mid-16th century as Oromo expansion disrupted the region following the Ethiopian–Adal War.
The atlas holds 4 border frames for Hadiya Sultanate — the shape you scrub through changes in 1200 · 1317 · 1390 · 1515.
Survey of the south-central Ethiopian Muslim states including Hadiya (broad context).
Continental history of the Ethiopian highland borderlands (broad, not Hadiya-specific).