Created in 1806 when Napoleon elevated the Margraviate of Baden (itself reunified from Baden-Durlach and Baden-Baden in 1771) to a grand duchy. Joined the German Confederation in 1815, became a constituent grand duchy of the German Empire in 1871, and continued under the House of Zähringen until the November 1918 revolution.
Monarchy abolished November 1918 in the German Revolution; Grand Duke Frederick II abdicated; became the Republic of Baden.