A German Empire protectorate in West Africa established in 1884, covering modern Togo and most of Ghana's Volta Region; nicknamed Germany's 'model colony' for its road- and rail-building.
Invaded and overrun by British and French forces within weeks of the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 (the Togoland campaign); placed under joint Anglo-French military rule, then formally divided in 1916 into separate British Togoland and French Togoland zones.
Focused monograph on the Togoland question spanning the German colonial period through the British/French mandate era and the unification debate.