Tukulor theocratic state of the middle Senegal valley, springboard of the later Toucouleur jihad.
The Imamate of Futa Toro (1776–1861) was progressively undermined by French military pressure under Governor Faidherbe from 1854 onward; French forces effectively absorbed the region by 1859–1861 as the Toucouleur Empire of El Hajj Umar Tall drew away its fighters, and the Imamate ceased to function as an independent polity by 1861.
Shillington's survey covers the West African jihad states and imamates of the Senegal valley, including Futa Toro and al-Hajj Umar's Toucouleur empire.
The Islamic reform movements Futa Toro belonged to (broad context).