Southwestern Libyan desert region, heartland of the Garamantes and a hub of trans-Saharan trade.
As a geographic region rather than a single continuous polity, Fezzan passed from Garamantian to Arab rule (c. 666 CE under Uqba ibn Nafi), then through a succession of Saharan states before being incorporated into Italian Libya in 1911–1930 and finally merged into independent Libya in 1951.
UNESCO's volume on ancient African civilizations, covering the Saharan Fezzan and trans-Saharan trade (broad context).
Sets Saharan trade hubs such as the Fezzan within a continent-wide history (broad context).