Former Spanish Guinea on the Gulf of Guinea, combining the mainland Río Muni and Bioko and Annobón islands, independent from Spain in 1968.
Survives as a nominal republic under continuous authoritarian rule since independence — Francisco Macías Nguema until 1979, then his nephew Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo — and, since the 1990s oil boom, one of Africa's highest per-capita GDPs alongside deeply unequal distribution and a poor human-rights record.
A history covering Spanish colonial rule, independence, and the Macías and Obiang dictatorships (published as 'Equatorial Guinea: Colonialism, State Terror, and the Search for Stability').
A reference history of the territory from Portuguese and Spanish contact through early independence.