The old Audiencia of Quito, astride the equator between the Pacific and the upper Amazon.
Endures as the Republic of Ecuador; lost most of its Amazonian claims to Peru in the 1941 war and 1942 Rio Protocol.
The atlas holds 2 border frames for Ecuador — the shape you scrub through changes in 1830 · 1941.
The old Audiencia of Quito and its independence within a broad Latin American history.
A standard single-volume University of California Press survey of modern Latin America, giving the same broad regional context for the citing states and colonies.
Foundational Ecuadorian indigenista novel exposing the exploitation of Andean Indigenous peasants under the modern hacienda system.