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Duchy of Modena and Reggio

Este dynasty duchy in Emilia-Romagna; retained by Este after Ferrara's absorption into Papal States, eventually dissolved in Italian unification.

Dissolved in March 1860 when its territories were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia as part of the United Provinces of Central Italy, following the flight of the last Duke Francis V in 1859, ultimately forming the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

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Further reading

• Land and Power in Late Medieval Ferrara: The Rule of the Este, 1350–1450 Trevor Dean · 1988

  Covers the Este dynasty who ruled both Ferrara and Modena; directly relevant to the Este state's political structures. Cambridge University Press.

• Power and Imagination: City-States in Renaissance Italy Lauro Martines · 1979

  Broad context for the Este signoria including Modena within the northern Italian state system.

Sources

• Duchy of Modena and Reggio — Wikipedia (via WebSearch 2026-06-25) [roster-stage: geometry pending]